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Objective:To analyze the characteristics of lung function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to provide evidence for multidisciplinary management of SMA.Methods:A total of 30 patients with SMA treated in the SMA multidisciplinary clinic of the Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2019 to March 2021 were enrolled, including 1 child with type I, 18 patients with type Ⅱ and 11 children with type Ⅲ.There were 17 males and 13 females; the age ranged from 4 years to 21 years and 10 months old.A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical features, spinal imaging findings and lung functions of patients with different clinical types of SMA and explore the factors influencing the lung functions of patients with SMA.Pulmonary function was measured by forced expiratory flow-volume curve.Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), FEV 1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured.The results were expressed as the percentage of the measured value to predicted value.The Cobb angle was measured to evaluate scoliosis. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between lung function and age and Cobb angle in patients with type Ⅱ SMA. Pearson correlation analysis and univariate linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between Cobb angle and age in patients with type Ⅱ SMA. Results:Pulmonary function in 1 type I patient showed decreased FVC and FEV 1; Among 18 patients with type Ⅱ, 14 cases had abnormal lung function (77.8%): FVC decreased in 12 patients (66.7%), FEV 1 decreased in 10 patients (55.6%), PEF decreased in 12 patients (66.7%). Among 11 patients with type Ⅲ, one had decreased FVC (9.1%). FVC, FEV 1 and PEF of patients with type Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of patients with type Ⅲ [(62.4±31.8)% vs.(90.8±11.0)%, (66.3±33.3)% vs.(97.8±9.9)%, (65.3±30.1)% vs.(98.6±21.1)%, all P<0.01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that FVC of patients with type Ⅱ SMA was correlated with age and Cobb angle ( r=-0.864, -0.865, all P<0.001), FEV 1 was correlated with age and Cobb angle ( r=-0.878, -0.863, all P<0.001), PEF was correlated with age and Cobb angle ( r=-0.831, -0.783, all P<0.001), and Cobb angle was related to age ( r=0.922, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that FVC of patients with type Ⅱ SMA was linearly correlated with Cobb angle ( R2=0.748, P<0.001), FEV 1 was linearly correlated with age ( R2=0.770, P<0.001), PEF was linearly related to age ( R2=0.690, P<0.001). Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that Cobb angle of patients with type Ⅱ SMA was linearly related to age ( R2=0.851, P<0.001). Conclusions:FVC, FEV 1 and PEF may decrease in patients with SMA.The degree of lung function damage is different in different types of SMA patients.With the increase of age, Cobb angle increases and FVC, FEV 1 and PEF decrease in patients with type Ⅱ SMA.Understanding the factors influencing the pulmonary function damage in patients with SMA is conductive to carrying out individual multidisciplinary management.
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Objective:To identify the pathogens isolated in the subperiosteal abscesses from the pediatric patients with acute osteomyelitis and to investigate the characteristics of bacterial drug resistance.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on children with acute septic osteomyelitis who were hospitalized in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2011 to March 1, 2018. The results of bacterial cultures isolated from the subperiosteal abscesses or bone marrow fluid were collected. The Merier automatic bacterial identification system (i.e., Vitek) was used to identify the bacteria and to assess the drug sensitivity.Results:(1) A total of 104 pediatric patients were included and 60 (57.7%) were male. Sixty-six strains of pathogens were isolated from 65 patients (62.5%). Among them, 53 strains (51.0%) were Staphylococcus aureus; 3 strains were Escherichia coli; 2 strains (1.9%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2 strains (1.9%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains (1.9%) were Ochrobactrum anthropi, and 4 strains (3.8%) were other bacteria. Pathogens were not found in 39 patients (37.5%). (2) Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 81.5% (53/65) of the pathogen-positive cases. Among them, 23 strains (43.4%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Aureus-positive children were statistically significantly older ( P=0.028), heavier ( P=0.040) and had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level ( P=0.038) than the aureus-negative children. (3) All the 53 Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to penicillin and 56.6% of them were only sensitive to benzocillin. The resistance rates to compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin and erythromycin were 11.3%, 30.2%, 67.9% and 69.8%, respectively. The sensitivity rate of the strains to furantoin was 90.2%. All strains were sensitive to quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, rifampicin, tigecycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. There was 69.8% of the strains resistant to three or more different types of antibiotics. Conclusions:Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen that causes the acute septic osteomyelitis in children, and the resistance rate to Benzocillin is relatively high. Therefore, Benzocillin and Clindamycin, as the traditionally-used drugs, should not be considered as the first choice when empirically using intravenous antibiotics. In the present study, pathogens in 39 patients (37.5%) were not detected in their subperiosteal abscesses or bone marrow fluid, so further effort should be made to investigate the etiology of these patients.
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Objective To obtain a clear and qualified compound glycyrrhiza oral solution by using NaSO3 and EDTA as stabi-lizers and Tween80 as solubilizer so as to solve the problem of morphine content instability. Methods NaSO34g and EDTA 0.6 g as stabilizers,and Tween803 g as solubilizer were added in the traditional method. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 8.0. Then the solution was obtained and filled in the brown polyester bottle. Results The preparation was clear,qualified and the content of mor-phine was steady. Conclusion The improved method is feasible,simple,stabilized and suitable for manufacturing.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of the recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(rhIL-1ra)on a tol?uene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)-induced guinea pig allergic rhinitis (AR)model. Methods An AR model was established via sensiti?zation and challenge of two-step procedure using TDI in guinea pigs. Normal animals were treated only with the olive oil(TDI vehicle). Sixty adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into six groups(n=10):normal group,model group(rhIL-1ra vehicle),positive con?trol group(budesonide,25.6μg/kg),rhIL-1ra treated groups(rhIL-1ra 50,100 and 200μg/kg,respectively). From day 8 after sensi?tization,animals of all the groups were treated respectively with the agents or vehicle once a day for 14 days. During the observation pe?riod,the index of clinic score was recorded for every animal. At day 14 of the dosing,guinea pigs were sacrificed 30 min after the last TDI challenge and observation. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta to prepare the serum for detection of histamine , and the nasal mucosase were dissected for histamine detection and histopathological observation. Results Compared with the guinea pigs in normal group,those in the model group exerted the typical symptoms of AR. It was shown that rhIL-1ra could improve nasal symptoms and cause a significant decrease in the instances of nasal sneezing as well. In addition,rhIL-1ra significantly reduced the concentrations of histamine in the nasal mucosa and IgE in the blood compared with those in the model group(P<0.05). Moreover, the pathological results showed that less edema,vasodilation and inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the nasal mucosa after rhIL-1ra application. Budesonide also showed the above effects with no significant difference compared with rhIL-1ra. Conclusion A guinea pig allergic rhinitis model is successfully induced by TDI. The results indicated that rhIL-1ra(50-200μg/kg)is effective in im?proving allergic rhinitis. Our findings indicated that rhIL-1ra might serve as a potential new drug for allergic rhinitis therapy.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Gentiana scabra dispensing granule. METHODS:TLC was ad-opted to identify G. scabra in the preparation;HPLC was adopted to determine the content of gentiopicroside in the preparation:the column was Dionex C18 with mobile phase of methanol- water(25∶75,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wave-length was 270 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:TLC showed clear spots and good separation. The linear range of gentiopicroside injection volume was 0.302 6-3.026 μg (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 98.27%-99.56%(RSD=0.68%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The estab-lished standard can be used for the quality control of Gentiana scabra dispensing granule.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of superparamagnetic chitosan FGF-2 gelatin microspheres (SPCFGM) on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. The superparamagnetic iron oxide chitosan nanoparticles (SPIOCNs) were synthesized by means of chemical co-precipitation, combined with FGF-2. Then The SPCFGM and superparamagnetic chitosan gelatin microspheres (SPCGM) were prepared by means of crosslinking-emulsion. The properties of SPCFGM and SPIONs were measured by laser diffraction particle size analyser and transmisson electron microscopy. The SPCFGM were measured for drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and release pharmaceutical properties in vitro. The C3H10 cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium: SPCFGM group, SPCGM group and DMEM as control group. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by DAPI staining. The protein expression level of FGF-2 was determined by Western blot. The proliferation activity and cell cycle phase of C3H10 were examined by CCK8 and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that both of the SPIOCNs and SPCFGM were exhibited structure of spherical crystallization with a diameter of (25 ± 9) nm and (140 ± 12) μm, respectively. There were no apoptosis cells in the three group cells. Both the protein expression level of FGF-2 and cell proliferation activity increased significantly in the SPCFGM group cells (P < 0.05). The SPCFGM is successfully constructed and it can controlled-release FGF-2, remained the biological activity of FGF-2, which can promote proliferation activity of C3H10 cells, and are non-toxic to the cell.
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Animals , Mice , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Chitosan , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 , Pharmacology , Gelatin , Magnetite Nanoparticles , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Microspheres , PlasmidsABSTRACT
Objective To inoertyate the results of the management of fracture of the proximal tibial epiphysis ,with a particu‐lar reference to the prognosis and complications in children .Methods From January 2002 to June 2012 ,a total of 19 children with fracture of the proximal tibial epiphysis were reviewed ,10 cases were treated with closed reduction and immobilization with plaster cast ,9 patients were operated upon with open reduction and internal fixation .Results All the patients were available at the final follow up with a mean of 2 .8 years (range ,2‐4 .8 years) ,The mean healing time of the fracture was 11 .8 weeks (range ,8 .5‐20 weeks) .According to the assessment system described by Lysholm ,the knee joint function of patients was 13 excellent ,4 good ,1 better and 1 poor .1 case occurred traumatic arthritis ,leading to the pain of keen ,One patient had epiphyseal plate closed early ,and one patient had genu valgum .Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation should be recommended for the management of the facture with remarkable displacement of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ ,or the facture involving the articular surface collapses more than 5 mm or separates more than 2 mm of type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ .The treatment with Kirschenel wires or hollow lag screw fixation could achieve good results .
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Objective To improve the filtering technique and the addition methods of distillate for Tongtian oral liquid with a new type of filtering equipment. Methods The filter paper in the current filtering process was replaced with a combination of terylene filter cloth and pulvis talci. Distillate was added into the runny paste of preparation directly without using the solubilizer of Tween-80. Then the admixture was agitated sufficiently. After that, 10% NaOH was used to adjust the pH to 4.5-6.5, and the solution was added to 1200 L by water. At last, a clear preparation was obtained by using the above filtering equipment. Results Compared with the product made by the current method,the improved preparation was qualified and tasty. Conclusion The improved method is feasible, simple and economical. The product is tasty.
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Objective To reveal the alterations of metabolic profiles by detecting changes in hippocampus 1H NMR spectra in acute brain injury (ABI) rats. Methods The model of ABI was achieved by trauma, and 2 hours after modeling, the hippocampus samples were collected for NMR analysis. Results Compared to age-matched control rats, the ABI rats exhibited markedly different metabolic profiles, which showed significant changes in glutamate(P<0.01), taurine(P<0.05), myo-inositol(P<0.05), and glutamine(P<0.05). Conclusion The metabonomics results suggest that amino acid metabolism is disordered when ABI occurs. This study provides clues for further understanding to cure ABI.
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Objective To obtain a clear and qualified oral liquid preparation of Huoxiangzhengqi by improving the addition methods of patchouli oil and perilla leaf oil. Methods Pulvis Talci was used to improve the solubility of patchouli oil and perilla leaf oil. Firstly, the two kinds of oil were mixed with Pulvis Talci and triturated sufficiently. Then, the mixture was mixed with the physic liquor and agitated sufficiently. At last, the clear preparation was obtained after filtration. Results The preparation was clear, well-tasted and qualified. Conclusion The improved method is feasible, simple, stabilized and economical.